Making Inferences to Improve Reading Comprehension

Students with dyslexia have difficulty drawing inferences from written text. A study completed by F.R. Simmons and C.H. Singleton in 2000 compared the reading performance of students with and without dyslexia. According to the study, students with dyslexia scored similarly when asked literal questions to those without dyslexia; however, when asked questions that relied on inferences, the students with dyslexia scored much lower than those without dyslexia. Inference: Key to Comprehension Inference is drawing conclusions based on information that has been implied rather than directly stated and is an essential skill in reading comprehension. People make inferences every day, both in oral and written communication. Many times this is so automatic most readers or listeners dont even realize the information wasnt included in the conversation or text. For example, read the following sentences: My wife and I tried to pack light but we made sure not to forget our bathing suits and sunblock. I wasnt sure if I would get seasick again so I made sure to pack some medicine for upset stomachs. You can deduct a great deal of information from these sentences: The author is married.He and his wife are going on a trip.They are going to be on a boat.They will be around water.They will be going swimming.They have gone swimming before.The author has gotten seasick on a boat in the past. This information was not clearly stated in the sentences, but you can use what was written to deduce or infer much more than what was said. Most of the information students get from reading comes from what is implied rather than direct statements, as you can see from the amount of information available by reading between the lines. It is through inferences that words take on meaning. For students with dyslexia, the meaning behind the words is often lost. Teaching Inferences Making inferences requires students to combine what they are reading with what they already know, to reach into their own personal knowledge and apply it to what they are reading. In the previous example, a student needs to know that having a bathing suit means someone is going swimming and that getting seasick means someone is going on a boat. This previous knowledge helps readers make inferences and understand what they are reading. Although this is a natural process and students with dyslexia may be able to apply these concepts to an oral conversation, they have more difficulty doing so with printed material. Teachers must work with such students to help them understand the process of making inferences, to be aware of inferences made in oral conversations, and then to apply this understanding to written works. Suggested Activities The following are ideas and activities teachers can use to reinforce inferring information from text: Show and infer. Rather than show and tell, have students bring in a few items that tell about themselves. The items should be in a paper bag or trash bag, something the other children cant see through. The teacher takes one bag at a time, bringing out the items, and the class uses them as clues to figure out who brought in the items. This teaches children to use what they know about their classmates to make educated guesses. Fill in the blanks. Use a short excerpt or passage appropriate for the grade level and take out words, inserting blanks in their place. Students must use clues in the passage to determine an appropriate word to fill the blank space. Use pictures from magazines. Have students bring in a picture from a magazine showing different facial expressions. Discuss each picture, talking about how the person might be feeling. Have students give supporting reasons for their opinion, such as, I think he is angry because his face is tense. Shared reading. Have students read in pairs; one student reads a short paragraph and must summarize the paragraph to her partner. The partner asks questions that have not been specifically answered in the summary to have the reader make inferences about the passage. Graphic thought organizers. Use worksheets to help students organize their thoughts to help come up with inferences. Worksheets can be creative, such as a picture of a ladder going up a tree to a treehouse. Students write their inference in the treehouse, and the clues to back up the inference on each rung of the ladder. Worksheets can also be as simple as folding a paper in half and writing the inference on one side of the paper and the supporting statements on the other. Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions. 6 Nov. 2003. Cuesta College.On Target: Strategies to Help Readers Make Meaning through Inferences. South Dakota Department of Education.The Reading Comprehension Abilities Of Dyslexic Students in Higher Education. Fiona Simmons-Chris Singleton - Dyslexia - 2000.

HIV/AIDS in IndiaAn epidemic Essay - 1980 Words

What may be seen as a result of a surplus of labor by an economist, has ultimately led to an epidemic. Indias population, estimated to be 1.35 billion, suffers extensive poverty as more than thirty seven percent of its population lives below the poverty line. (Economy Watch) This surplus of labor has driven the price of labor in India to incredibly low amounts, hence the outsourcing which has become rampant. Low labor prices compounded with exclusion due to the caste system and high dependency on agriculture all have amplified the poverty which in turn, has given rise to the largest population—2.3 million--within the borders of a nation to be infected with HIV/AIDS. (India HIV and AIDS Statistics.) Though those who are infected†¦show more content†¦In recent years, India has seen some improvement in certain regions in terms of prevalence. As a whole, India has placed itself on the same trajectory as Africa. But this problem cannot be attributed to just one cause. India’s unique culture, environmental/economical conditions, and standard of living have all had significant implication on this problem. (HIV/AIDS) Poverty. This condition in the country gives rise to sex workers due to inability to find work in an extremely competitive agricultural market and lack of sufficient funds to survive. Suppressed by a need to raise sufficient funds for themselves, women in India engage in sexual activities which have given rise to several red-light districts. Giving structure to such a common method of sexual interaction, the prostitution business has fostered the growth of the infection HIV within the country. If it is not apparent enough, in the cities of Mumbai and Pune, incidence of the infection has risen to fifty percent as a result of this business. Alongside with giving call to desperate measures, the issue of poverty has staggered the technological advance in the medical field in India. 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Contrasting Treadwell and McCandless Free Essays

Compare and Contrast of Treadwell and McCandless When reading Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer as it documents the Journey Chris McCandless took and watching the movie The Grizzly Man as it documents Timothy Treadwell’s journey to document bears I was struck by how similar the two men, McCandless and Treadwell, really were. Yes, there were a great many differences between the two but also by how similar they were. While both men showed how they hated modern society and felt a strong desire to live outside of our society, they both also had very different takes on Alaskan wilderness and how to survive in their Journeys. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrasting Treadwell and McCandless or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as both loved the outdoors, however, the two had very different practices concerning it. Treadwell would return to society every summer to work and prepare for his next outing and Treadwell refused to take a gun with him. In contrast, McCandless spent all of his time outdoors and away from human society unless he absolutely needed to and carried a gun with him into the wilderness. Treadwell and McCandless both felt very constrained by human society and preffered to live out in the wilderness if possible. While Treadwell would return to human society for work and to raise money or his next outing or teach others about what he learned of the bears, McCandless tried to spend as much time as he possibly could away from other humans. In Chapter five of Into the Wild it was documented that McCandless had spent at least thirty-six days without seeing another human at one point and throughout the first six chapters it is documented that the most time he ever spent in one place was two months in order to raise money to go to Alaska. Furthermore, McCandless did his best to keep people distant from him by changing his name and giving false nformation. McCandless did his best to not tell anyone where he was going, cut off all ties with his parents, and took no one with him when he went to Alaska. Comparing this to Treadwell, who told people where he was going, how long he was staying, and at a certain point started to take his girlfriend and it shows a great difference between the two men. Treadwell was a peaceful man, if unhinged due to mental disorders he refused to treat. He loved the animals he documented in his time in the wilderness, expecially the bears, and swore to never hurt them. Due to his, Treadwell never took a gun, pepper spray, or even bear repellent with him during his ten years of going to the Maze. Though essentric, Treadwell was actually rather smart in keeping the animals calm as he interacted with them. McCandless, though he displayed no real inclinations towards violence, was aware of the dangers in the wilderness. He knew the dangers of bears and wild animals and had taken a gun with him, a . 22, in order to hunt and possibly for protection even if he knew it would not actually be effective against large animals such as moose, caribou, or bears. The two men had very different views of the animals in the wilderness as is shown by this. Treadwell loved them to the point he would rather risk death then harm them while McCandless saw the dangers and prepared for them. The two men also greatly differed in how they prepared for their trips. Treadwell was well prepared with pleanty of provisions and the nessisary gear. This became more prevalent during his final years due to him having his girlfriend with him as he Alaskan wilds brought on by Jack London’s books, among others, resulted in him being woefully unprepared. When entering the Alaskan wiled the first day, McCandless only had some spare clothes, some books, a few pounds of rice, and his gun. The two men died in the Alaskan wilds due, mostly in part, to their recklessness and over-estimation on how much they could handle. Treadwell stayed longer than he should have and this resulted in both he and his girlfriend tragically dying at the jaws of a starving grizzly. Had they left as planned instead of returning to the wilds due a mishap the two would have survived. McCandless went into the wilds and did surprisingly well for himself due to sheer dumb luck that eventually ran out. His choice to go unprepared and believing he could live off the land proved fatal when he was unable to get enough food and he slowly starved to death Just days before hunters arrived at the shelter that became his temporary grave. The two men showed a remarkable love for the wilderness and strove to change their lives for the better and live amongst the romanticized versions of what is actually a harsh reality. Despite both men dying in the wilderness, personal opinion leads me to believe that McCandless was more successful in his ultimate goal to change his life. Treadwell ad wanted to raise awareness of the bear’s plight and protect them but had more than likely severely damaged the bears by habituating them to humans that could lead to more fatalities. McCandless had wanted to change his life, find a purpose. He wanted to leave society behind and see if he could truly live away from it. While he ultimately died in Alaska his entire trip before the event, traveling cross country, and even to Mexico, had changed his life and views. Prior to his final days in Alaska it was shown that McCandless had achieved what he had set out to get, his own happiness. How to cite Contrasting Treadwell and McCandless, Papers

My Mentor Essay Sample free essay sample

Mentors aren’t merely people you look up to ; no. they are far more than that. Mentors are people you personally know. they are people that genuinely love you and desire the best for you. They aren’t needfully these famous persons you see on telecasting or hear on the wireless. Mentors are far deeper than that. They take echt involvement in your life and good being. Out of all the people in my life I would state my male parent is my wise man. He has taught me far more than merely one lesson. Every good thing I know came from my male parent. Bing a female with no female parent or female parent figure in my life I would state that I turned out to be a good behaved immature lady ; all of this happened thanks to my male parent. Ever since I could retrieve my male parent. Quentin Brown. We will write a custom essay sample on My Mentor Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page has been at that place for me. He taught me many meaningful things I would necessitate to cognize throughout life. From how to brush my ain dentitions to how to transport myself as a lady. he has taught it all. He neer had the physical capableness of being a adult female so hence he would neer hold me move like the typical adult female. He raised me to be the type of adult female that did non necessitate anyone to make for them because they were to the full capable of making for themselves. I was able to show myself through my vesture. hairdos. address. etc. He educated me to ever be proper with the word yes and no ma’am. and yes and no sir ; to ever be polite and to reply when I have been spoken to. Now don’t acquire me incorrect things were all right but they were non wholly described as being ‘peachy cream’ . When I started acquiring older I started developing a head of my ain and started oppugning things that were go oning to me physically. Sometimes my male parent would non even have an reply to give me. I think it sometimes frustrated him to cognize that I was a female and my organic structure was organizing as a adult female. It became the turning point of me going myself ; in other words my male parent did non desire any male childs to get down speaking to me. He started to go more protective ; he protected me so much that I felt like he was surrounding me. I felt like I was acquiring older so I should hold a dating life ; I was unhappily misguided. I even tried to mouse behind my father’s back and do what I wanted but being a parent my male parent was all knowing. My rebellion act didn’t last long for the simple fact that I saw the more I rebelled the more I put the male parent and girl bond we had on the line. After recognizing the large consequence I had on our relationship I made a proposal with my male parent. It was if I talked to him about the things I wanted to make foremost he would hold to at least see the positives and negatives and explicate them to me before he made up his head. Once that proposition was made our relationship started acquiring stronger and he began to learn me new things. He began to speak to me about male childs and his experience of being one. He taught me how to show myself as the intelligent immature lady I was before I let anything or anyone degrade me as anything but. The most of import thing my male parent has of all time taught me was to ever be honest to who I am ; ever take pride in who I set myself to be and to neer alter for anyone. Turning up my male parent has and still is that one individual I can ever come to when I want to speak. demand something. or to even hang out with. He has ever tried to learn me things by his illustrations. despite his yesteryear. He neer wanted me to fight or depend on anyone to make for me and for that I classify my male parent as my wise man throughout life. Through the ups and downs he has accomplished things I thought were impossible ; he even showed me how to suppress the same ‘impossible’ things. Although I will everlastingly be daddy’s small miss I will besides be a all-around. independent. intelligent adult female. These are the astonishing things my wise man has done and taught me.